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Linux学习（二）

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lamp环境搭建
使用的是centos7系统

安装Apache&Nginx

升级一下yum源(非必须)

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yum update

Apache安装与配置

Apache下载安装

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yum list |grep httpd    //查看有哪些Apache可以安装
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yum install -y httpd    //安装Apache指令
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http -v               //安装完成后查看Apache版本指令
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显示内容如下
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Server version: Apache/2.4.6 (CentOS)
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Server built:   Apr 12 2017 21:03:28

关闭防火墙

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[root@localhost /]# systemctl systemctl stop firewalld   //关闭防火墙
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[root@localhost /]# systemctl systemctl status firewalld //查看防火墙状态
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[root@localhost /]# systemctl systemctl restart httpd    //重启Apache

如果不想关闭防火墙,那我们可以在防火墙上允许访问80端口(这是Apache默认的端口)

防火墙上开启80端口

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[root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp //开启80端口并且永久生效
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success
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[root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --reload  //重新载入防火墙配置
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success
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[root@localhost /]# systemctl status firewalld
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● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
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   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
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 Active: active (running) since Sun 2017-06-11 13:08:10 CST; 8s ago  //防火墙的状体是开启的

Ngixn安装与配置

Ngixn安装

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[root@localhost /]# yum search nginx  //搜索没有nginx这个安装包 很遗憾的是没有
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[root@localhost /]# yum install nginx  //尝试安装
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Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
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Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
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 * base: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
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 * extras: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
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 * updates: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
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No package nginx available.   //还是没有nginx的安装包
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//将nginx放到yum repro库中
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[root@localhost /]# rpm -ivh http://nginx.org/packages/centos/7/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-7-0.el7.ngx.noarch.rpm
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[root@localhost /]# yum search nginx  //再次搜索nginx安装包
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======================================================== N/S matched: nginx =========================================================
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nginx-debug.x86_64 : debug version of nginx
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nginx-debuginfo.x86_64 : Debug information for package nginx
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nginx-module-geoip.x86_64 : nginx GeoIP dynamic modules
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nginx-module-geoip-debuginfo.x86_64 : Debug information for package nginx-module-geoip
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nginx-module-image-filter.x86_64 : nginx image filter dynamic module
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nginx-module-image-filter-debuginfo.x86_64 : Debug information for package nginx-module-image-filter
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nginx-module-njs.x86_64 : nginx nginScript dynamic modules
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nginx-module-njs-debuginfo.x86_64 : Debug information for package nginx-module-njs
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nginx-module-perl.x86_64 : nginx Perl dynamic module
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nginx-module-perl-debuginfo.x86_64 : Debug information for package nginx-module-perl
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nginx-module-xslt.x86_64 : nginx xslt dynamic module
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nginx-module-xslt-debuginfo.x86_64 : Debug information for package nginx-module-xslt
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nginx-nr-agent.noarch : New Relic agent for NGINX and NGINX Plus
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nginx-release-centos.noarch : nginx repo configuration and pgp public keys
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pcp-pmda-nginx.x86_64 : Performance Co-Pilot (PCP) metrics for the Nginx Webserver
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nginx.x86_64 : High performance web server   //是存在nginx安装包的
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[root@localhost /]# yum install nginx   //安装nginx
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[root@localhost /]# nginx -v     //查看nginx版本
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nginx version: nginx/1.12.0
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[root@localhost /]# systemctl restart nginx     // 重启nginx

我希望通过80端口访问的是Apach服务器，通过8080端口访问的是nginx服务器，这么做？

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[root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --add-port=8080/tcp   
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success
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[root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --reload
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success
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[root@localhost /]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports  //查看所有打开的端口
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80/tcp 8080/tcp    //80,8080已经打开
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[root@localhost /]# cd /etc/nginx/conf.d
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[root@localhost conf.d]# vim default.conf  //将其中的listen 80;修改为 listen 8080;
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[root@localhost conf.d]# systemctl restart nginx  //重启nginx

MySql安装与配置

Mysql安装

CetOS7已使用了MariaDB替代了默认的MySQL ,所以我们想使用MySQL还得多做点事情

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[root@localhost /]# yum install wget      //安装wget
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[root@localhost /]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm    //下载mysql5.7的rpm文件
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[root@localhost /]# yum localinstall mysql57-community-release-el7-8.noarch.rpm    //安装rmp文件
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[root@localhost /]#yum install mysql-community-server  //安装MySQL数据库 约190M左右
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[root@localhost /]# systemctl start mysqld   //启动数据库
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[root@localhost /]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log  //查看MySQL数据的原始密码文件 
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2017-06-11T06:18:16.057811Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: uvrpXRuul6/h    
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[root@localhost /]# mysql -u root -p     //进入数据库系统
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mysql> set password for 'root'@'localhost'=password('Aa@123456'); //重新为数据库设置密码
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Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)
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//将MySQL设置为开机启动项
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[root@localhost /]# systemctl enable mysqld
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[root@localhost /]# systemctl daemon-reload
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//设置数据的默认字符集(非必须的)
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[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
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//将下面两行配置代码加入到my.cnf最后面
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character_set_server=utf8
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init_connect='SET NAMES utf8'
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mysqld  //重启MySQL
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//进入MySQL数据库
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mysql> select version();    
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+-----------+
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| version() |
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+-----------+
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| 5.7.18    |
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+-----------+
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1 row in set (0.00 sec)
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mysql> show variables like '%character%';
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+--------------------------+----------------------------+
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| Variable_name            | Value                      |
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+--------------------------+----------------------------+
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| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
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| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
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| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
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| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
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| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
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| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
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| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
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| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
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+--------------------------+----------------------------+
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8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Mysql修改默认密码

如果想使用简单密码则需要修改mysql密码验证机制

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[root@localhost /]# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log //默认密码存放位置
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[root@localhost /]# mysql -u root -p  //使用获取密码登录
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mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0;       //只验证长度
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mysql> set global validate_password_length=6;      //修改密码长度,默认值是8个字符
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mysql> alter user user()identified by"123456";     //修改登陆密码为123456

安装PHP7

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//安装依赖文件
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[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc-c++ libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel
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//安装php组新版本rpm
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[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm
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Retrieving https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/epel-release.rpm
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warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.F1aZTS: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 62e74ca5: NOKEY
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Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
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Updating / installing...
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   1:epel-release-7-5                 ################################# [100%]
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[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
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Retrieving https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm
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warning: /var/tmp/rpm-tmp.rnxYY3: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 62e74ca5: NOKEY
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Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
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Updating / installing...
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   1:webtatic-release-7-3             ################################# [100%]
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[root@localhost ~]# yum search php71   //查看有哪些php最新版的安装包文件
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[root@localhost ~]# yum install mod_php71w php71w-mysqlnd php71w-cli php71w-fpm   //安装php7最新版
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[root@localhost ~]# php -v    //查看php版本
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PHP 7.1.5 (cli) (built: May 12 2017 21:54:58) ( NTS )
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Copyright (c) 1997-2017 The PHP Group
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Zend Engine v3.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2017 Zend Technologies
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[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd    //重启Apache
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